Chinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart - 1069 Words

Things Fall Apart was written by a Nigerian man named Chinua Achebe in 1958, with the intentions of fully exploiting the truth and creating a new perspective about African culture. Seeing as though Achebe lived through the colonization of the Igbo people, he was able to write without stereotyping Africans and European people. Achebe purposefully wrote this novel in English instead of Igbo language because he wanted the perspective shared across Europe to defeat previously construed beliefs of the Nigerian culture and ways of life. Achebe touches on a variety of topics throughout his novel, three of which are how things fell apart through imperialism and colonization, the ideas behind tradition and change, and social construction of patriarchy masculinities. Achebe writes this novel in a third person perspective. Personally, I found this to be effective because it justifies how important culture and tradition are to the people of the nine colonies in Nigeria. If Achebe would have written this novel in the view of Okonkwo, there would have been a different view point and potentially would have led to stereotyping groups. Having the perspective be in favor of one group as opposed to another could have led to misconstrued ideologies and would have been less effective. Tradition and change is a topic that can be found in many different situations in the novel. For example, reading Things Fall Apart led to the realization that Okonkwo and Nwoye demonstrate the different viewsShow MoreRelatedChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1719 Words   |  7 PagesThings fall apart is a classic novel written around the turn of the century, the novel focuses on the protagonist who we can also call a hero, Okonkwo. Okonkwo is a wealthy and respected leader within the Igbo tribe of Umuofia in eastern Nigeria. Strong individual with a passionate belief in all the values and traditions of his people. Chinua Achebe presents Okonkwo as a particular kind of tragic protagonist, a great man who carries the fate of his people. Okonkwo is a man who is inflexible andRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1033 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Chinua Achebe is a famous Nigerian novelist in worldwide. Things fall apart is Chinua Achebe’s first novel published in 1958, the year after Ghana became the first African nation to gain independence. And this novel is one of the first African novels to gain worldwide recognition. (Phil Mongredien, 2010) This novel presents people a story of an African Igbo tribal hero, Okonkwo, from his growth to death. The fate of Okonkwo also indicates the fate of Africa caused by the colonizationRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart883 Words   |  4 Pagesdehumanize the native population and convince themselves that they are helping. Chinua Achebe’s book Things Fall Apart attempts to correct these misguided views of African societies by portraying a more complex culture that values peace, and the art of conversation. Achebe also tries to portray the idea that not all European people they come in contact with are aggressive, and misconstrued in their view of the African societ ies. Achebe tries to show us the value of his society through repeated views into conversationsRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1410 Words   |  6 PagesTeddy Manfre Ms. Blass ENG 209-001 April 24, 2017 Things Fall Apart In 1958, Chinua Achebe a famous Nigerian author publishes one of his most famous novels Things Fall Apart. The novel takes place in a Nigerian village called Umuofia. During the time that this novel is published Nigeria is being criticized by the Europeans for being uncivilized. In response, Achebe uses his brilliance in this novel to express the valued history of his people to his audience. His focus in the novel is on the pre-colonizedRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1015 Words   |  5 PagesIn his novel Things Fall Apart, author Chinua Achebe utilizes his distinctive writing style in order to accurately capture the culture and customs of the Igbo people despite writing his story in a foreign language. Five aspects of Achebe’s style that make his writing unique is the straightforward diction present in dialogue, the inclusion of native parables convey Igbo life authentically, the inclusion of native Igbo words and phrases, detailed descriptions of nature and the usage of figurative languageRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1702 Words   |  7 PagesTitle: Things Fall Apart Biographical information about the author: Chinua Achebe was born in Nigeria in 1930. He had an early career as a radio host, and later became the Senior Research Fellow at the University of Nigeria. After moving to America, he became an English professor at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Achebe has won numerous awards for his poetry and fiction, including the Man Booker prize and Commonwealth Poetry Price. He currently teaches at Bard College. Author: Chinua AchebeRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart Essay1347 Words   |  6 PagesCulture is an Important Element of Society Chinua Achebe is the author of when Things Fall Apart while Joseph Conrad authored Heart of Darkness. Conrad and Achebe set their individual titles in Africa; Achebe is an African writer whereas Conrad is Polish-British. The authors draw strength from their backgrounds to validity the authenticity of their fictional novels. Conrad writes from his experiences in the British and French navies while Achebe uses his African heritage. The theme of culture isRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1248 Words   |  5 PagesChris Lowndes Ms. Cook A.P.L.C. 21 October 2015 We Are Family: Hardships in One s Family in Things Fall Apart Specific attributes correlate with each other to help create or not create the ideal strong family. However, through those attributes arise conflicts and major disputes. This issue of trying to achieve and create a strong family is of immense importance in one’s life, especially in Chinua Achebe’s, Things Fall Apart, a milestone in African literature. For instance, the father leaves his legacyRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart Essay1682 Words   |  7 Pagescertain degree of the priest class, libation, holidays, creation stories, divine systems of punishments and rewards. In the novel, Things Fall Apart, written by Chinua Achebe, is a story of tragic fall of a protagonist and the Igbo culture. Achebe demonstrates different examples and situations of where an African culture, in the instances of tribal religions, did certain things because of their tradition is and the way they developed into. African cultures pondered life mysteries and articulated theirRead Mo reChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1314 Words   |  6 PagesChinua Achebe masterpiece â€Å"Things Fall Apart† (1959) is the classic story of Okonkwo, a young man who strives to be revered by his village and family but because of his own internal character flaws meets his own demise. In the Igbo culture, family traditions are an important narrative throughout the novel. Okonkwo, the protagonist character of this story, begins with many attributes of what would be concluded as a hero with his cultural society. He is hard working, a material provider, feared and

Goodnight Mr.Tom Review Free Essays

Review of Goodnight Mr. Tom by Michelle Magorian Goodnight Mr. Tom is set in the midst of World War II and the German attacks of London. We will write a custom essay sample on Goodnight Mr.Tom Review or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the novel many children are sent away from England? s capital onto pacific places for protection. These children are called refugees and they are to stay in the houses of the inhabitants. This is then, the destiny of little William Beech who is sent to Little Wierwold to Tom Oakley, the man who shelters him. The child was being abused by his mother so he is very shy. Therefore, Mr. Oakley helps him confront his problems and Willie drastically changes. He starts to make friends like Zacharias Wrench, or Zach for short. They become best friends and have marvelous moments together. Afterwards, Williams’s mother asks for him to go back to London as she is sick. Beech? s mother really is insane and when they enter the house she says she has a surprise. The surprise was that Mrs. Beech has had a baby. He actually returns to the nightmare he lived before being a refugee, so Mr. Oakley foresees that Willie is passing a terrible time and rescues him from the tiny room in which Mrs. Beech has locked him up. Mr. Tom immediately buys train tickets for Little Wierwold and so, they returned to their home in this little town. Months later, Mrs. Beech commits suicide as a result of her loneliness and Mr. Tom caringly adopts William. The story ends when William? s best friend Zach dies because of a bomb. Will then confronts his friend? s death having both good and bad experiences, which helps him grow physically and mentally. The main characters of this novel are William Beech, Tom Oakley, Zacharias Wrench and Mrs. Beech. William Beech, at the beginning of the story is an apprehensive, emaciated boy who does not have any self-confidence and is very mistrusting. Although he is very different on the inside, Will founds this throughout the book. When Willie starts his life with Mr. Tom, he changes abruptly and transforms into a talkative and active little boy. He also discovers he is an excellent artist and makes drawing his favorite hobby. What I really appreciate about this character is that he emerged from being a shy child to a talkative one who loves socializing with others around him. Tom Oakley is also a very important character in this novel. Mr. Tom is at first a grouchy old man who is immerged in the four walls of his house but when Willie arrives to his life he transforms into a social, caring and loving man who supports Will in everything he needs. Tom was very depressed because his wife had died giving birth and soon after his son, William, also died. At first Mr. Oakley took this as a coincidence, assuming William was a common name in London. Although as the months went by he realizes it this is not just a coincidence but something much deeper. Fate had brought them together so that both Tom and Willie could cure the injuries and pains they had been absorbing and keeping inside themselves. Another very important and special character is Zacharias Wrench â€Å"Zack for short† as he says in the novel. This character is a boy about the same age as Willie, who is a very swinging boy who likes talking to everybody. As soon he sees someone nice he immediately approaches to the person and starts talking to it as if he knows it for a long time. Zach becomes Willie? s best friend and because of him William lets â€Å"escape the Zach from him†. Goodnight Mr. Tom is definitely an incredible story. I enjoyed it so much that I have read it two times. My favorite moment on the novel is the end because Willie has improved amazingly and says to Mr. Tom who is now his dad: â€Å"Dad, I? ve grown†. I find this particular moment very emotive because despite all the challenges he has faced, he moves on with an amazing courage. I can definitively recommend this book to both adults and children (11 years +) as it makes you reflect a lot and it’s a very deep novel. I would also love to read another book by Michelle Magorian because she is a very good writer. How to cite Goodnight Mr.Tom Review, Essay examples

Overcoming Sales Resistance free essay sample

The article about Overcoming Sales Resistance Areas is written by a Million Dollar Consultant. It tackled about the importance of handling the objections of different customers with their different reasons. As a salesperson, it is inevitable to encounter customers like that. Some tend to reason out in a manner that they only want you, as a salesperson, to stop trying because they have really no intentions in purchasing your product. Upon choosing this profession, as a salesperson, it is very important for us to be mentored by a pro especially if we are new to this field.Salespersons who are novice are the ones who tend to experience more of these objections. Different customers would also mean that there would different situations you would be facing. Out of a hundred customers, it would be impossible that none of them would give you a turn down. So it is important for us to assume the possible reasons that customer usually use against us. We will write a custom essay sample on Overcoming Sales Resistance or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page True or not, it may be, it is still important for us to know how to handle this certain objections. As a salesperson, we should try to put ourselves in the shoes of our customers.It is for us to understand why they tend to do these objections. The article also tackled about the basic areas of sales resistances. The basic areas of sales resistances are having no trust, no need, no urgency and no money. As a salesperson, there would come a time in our sales career when the pattern of objections seems to be familiar and it seems like you’d been going in circles. It is because customers have their own yet similar reasons in doing such objections. That is why we need to be notified about these certain objections by another experience of a salesperson who is more experienced.Though having all these knowledge, expertise and training, it would still be impossible to be able to overcome all the objections. Still, we should try to rebut and refute it. It is not saying that we should get into an intense conversation with the customer. We need to bear in mind that though we may not win, at least we throw a punch, as stated in the article. It is to leave an impact for the customer to think about and might consider it in the future. In order to be able in handling these objections, we need to know about the four basic areas of sales resistance.It is in order for us to develop our skill in preventing these common resistances that could prepare us in handling more specific situations raised within them. The first sales resistance area is about the customer having no trust. As a salesperson, this first area is a difficult one to deal with. It is because there is no use in continuing a conversation or a sales dialogue if the customer doesn’t trust you in the first place or you find it hard to gain your customer’s trust. It is very much important for us, salespeople, to establish rapport to gain trust as soon as possible.Second is about having no need of your product/ service. Some customers may find it though useful yet still inappropriate. Third is about no urgency. They might have other priorities to settle than investing in your product/ service. The last and the most common is about having no money. Some companies are possible to not have enough financial capacity. This sales resistance area is the most difficult to rebut and refute. We all know that it is money that allows the sales dialogue take action to a sales transaction between you and the customer. It is very important for a salesperson to be able to prospect in the first place the customers who are qualified of purchasing your product/ service. The article enumerated four basic sales resistances, and the sales resistance area I find the most difficult to overcome is about the customers having no money. It is because this is the area which is the most difficult to rebut. The customer having no money is not a reason or area you could just ignore as a salespeople.You should bear in mind that, it is the financial capability of your customers that activates the transaction. The sales call would be put to waste if in the first place, the customer is not even qualified. It is very important that you have to prospect of the qualified customers. Also sometimes the customer just uses this reason because some salespeople would not try to rebut this sales resistance area. Salespeople tend to give up because they think there is no use in continuing the sales dialogue if there is no way in activating a sales transaction.

US Economy Expansion Essays - National Accounts, Consumer Behaviour

US Economy Expansion The million (or should we say 'billion' now) dollar question is whether or not the United States' economy will stay in it's record 107 month expansion (according to the index of leading indicators) or come out of the boom and take a downturn into a recession. Nobody, including the Chairman of the Federal Reserve, Alan Greenspan has a crystal ball to provide insight as to what will happen if interest rates are raised, lowered, or left alone. However, Economists have developed a set of indicators to aid in predicting when a recession is about to occur and when the economy is in one. Indicators should not be mistaken for predictors. They are simply forecasting tools, and like any forecast can be misleading. The index of leading indicators that is reported in the popular press shows our economy is still in an expansion. For the purposes of our evaluation of the economy, we chose the Principle Economic Indicators tracked by the Bureau of Economic Analysis and the U.S. Census Bureau under the Economics and Statistics Administration at the U.S. Department of Commerce. There are thirteen Principle Economic Indicators, and they fall into five major categories: National Output and Income; Orders, Sectoral Production, and Inventories; Consumer Spending; Housing and Construction; and Foreign Trade. National Output and Income The first of the five major categories directly relates to measuring the growth of the U.S. economy. National Output and Income consists of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Personal Income, and Corporate Profits measurements. GDP is the primary measurement of growth and measures the total amount of goods and services produced by governments, businesses, people, and property located within the United States. Both real (adjusted for inflation) and nominal (current value in dollars) data is collected for computing the GDP. The base year for the real data is 1997. The GDP is normally reported as an annualized quarter-to-quarter change. The reason this measurement is vital to tracking the growth of the U.S. economy is self-explanatory. When the economy is growing, both total income and total output are increasing. Furthermore, a steady increase in the GDP is healthy for the economy. According to the U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. economic output has grown at an annual rate of 2.5 to 3.5 percent since 1890. The preliminary estimate of GDP in the fourth quarter of 1999 rose at a 6.9 percent annual rate, which is the strongest gain since a similar increase in mid-1996. This is an increase from the initial estimate of 5.8 percent and is consistent with the expectations of analysts. It is also a reflection of the widespread upward increases among the major spending components, including consumer spending, goods exported, and state and local government spending. In the third quarter of 1999, GDP rose 5.7% as a result of increases in Personal Consumption Expenditures, nonresidential fixed investment, and exports. Personal Income is a measurement of total pretax income earned by individuals, non-profit organizations, and private trust funds. It is expressed at an annual rate also. The more Personal Income increases the greater the potential for the American people to spend and save money, which directly influences the growth of the U.S. economy. Personal Income rose .7 percent in January, following an increase of .3 percent in December. The average monthly increases in 1999 were .5 percent. Some extenuating factors affected income in recent months, including cost of living increases in federal transfer payments, a federal pay raise, and agricultural subsidy payments in January. Real disposable income, income after taxes and adjusted for price changes, increased by .7 percent. There was no change in December. The individual personal saving rate rose from 1 percent in December, which was its low, to 1.4 percent in January. Savings rates generally go down in the months October through May due to Holiday spending (includes "paying off" credit cards). There are two methods in which Corporate Profits are reported by the government. "Tax-based" profits are derived from corporate tax returns, and "adjusted" profits reflect earnings from current production. Just as increases in Personal Income are vital to the growth of the U.S economy, increases in Corporate Profits are just as important on an even larger scale. The greater the profits, the more potential for growth. This in turn has a direct effect on employment rates, spending, etc. Profits reported from current production increased $3.7 billion in the third quarter of 1999. This is a dramatic improvement from a decrease of $6.5 billion in the second quarter. Profits would have been about $10 billion more than they were in the third quarter

Account for the decline in prestige and authority of the pap essays

Account for the decline in prestige and authority of the pap essays Account for the decline in prestige and authority of the papacy during the During the fourteenth century, the papacy suffered a huge decline in prestige and authority due to many factors. These include, the open conflict between Pope Boniface VIII and King Phillip IV of France, the advancement of some city-states of Italy with Rome being left behind, the removal of the Apostolic See from Rome to Avignon, the Great Schism and the papacies focus on administrative and juristic issues rather than spiritual purity. Since the investiture contest (1075-1122) there have been ongoing struggles between the secular and spiritual powers. Most notable is the open conflict between King Phillip IV of France and Pope Boniface VIII over the ability to tax the church and the ability to bring the clergy under the justice of the king. Secular taxing of the church was not what the papacy wanted as it gave them less money to tax for themselves. The papal bull Clericis Laicos forbade such taxes. King Phillip defied the bull and continued to tax the clergy. This is understandable as if he were to obey the bull; a vast amount of taxable land would be lost to him. The nature of Criminous clergy was also a big issue as the people saw preists mildly rebuked for serious crimes. This led to a general fealing that the church was coddling its own. Phillip claimed that anyone who breaks secular law should be tried in a secular court. Pope Boniface disagreed fealing that the Church could not be independandt if its persone l could be arrested at any time. Unam Sanctum was isued to assert the superiority of the Church over secular poweres. ...Behold, here are two swords... both are in the power of the Church, the spiritual sword and the material, but the latter is to be used for the church and the former by her... This illustrates the papal view of the world and effectivaly removes the secular ability to charge members...

The Types of Parallel Universes

The Types of Parallel Universes Physicists talk about parallel universes, but its not always clear what they mean. Do they mean alternate histories of our own universe, like those often shown in science fiction, or whole other universes with no real connection to ours? Physicists use the phrase parallel universes to discuss diverse concepts, and it can sometimes get a little confusing. For example, some physicists believe strongly in the idea of a multiverse for cosmological purposes, but dont actually believe in the Many Worlds Interpretation (MWI) of quantum physics. It is important to realize that parallel universes are not actually a theory within physics, but rather a conclusion that comes out of various theories within physics. There are a variety of reasons for believing in multiple universes as a physical reality, mostly having to do with the fact that we have absolutely no reason to suppose that our observable universe is all that there is.   There are two basic breakdowns of parallel universes that might be helpful to consider. The first was presented in 2003 by Max Tegmark and the second was presented by Brian Greene in his book The Hidden Reality. Tegmarks Classifications In 2003, MIT physicist Max Tegmark explored the idea of parallel universes in a paper published in a collection titled  Science and Ultimate Reality. In the paper,  Tegmark breaks the different types of parallel universes allowed by physics into four different levels: Level 1: Regions Beyond Cosmic Horizon: The universe is essentially infinitely big and contains matter at roughly the same distribution as we see it throughout the universe. Matter can combine in only so many different configurations. Given an infinite amount of space, it stands to reason there exists another portion of the universe in which an exact duplicate of our world exists.Level 2: Other Post-Inflation Bubbles: Separate universes spring up like bubbles of spacetime undergoing its own form of expansion, under the rules dictated by inflation theory. The laws of physics in these universes could be very different from our own.Level 3: The Many Worlds of Quantum Physics: According to this approach to quantum physics, events unfold in every single possible way, just in different universes. Science fiction alternate history stories utilize this sort of a parallel universe model, so its the most well-known outside of physics.Level 4: Other Mathematical Structures: This type of paralle l universes is sort of a catch-all for other mathematical structures which we can conceive of, but which we dont observe as physical realities in our universe. The Level 4 parallel universes are ones which are governed by different equations from those that govern our universe. Unlike Level 2 universes, its not just different manifestations of the same fundamental rules, but entirely different sets of rules. Greenes Classifications Brian Greenes system of classifications from his 2011 book, The Hidden Reality, is a more granular approach than Tegmarks. Below are Greenes classes of parallel universes, but weve also added the Tegmark Level that they fall under:   Quilted Multiverse (Level 1): Space is infinite, therefore somewhere there are regions of space that will exactly mimic our own region of space. There is another world out there somewhere in which everything is unfolding exactly as it unfolds on Earth.Inflationary Multiverse (Level 1 2): Inflationary theory in cosmology predicts an expansive universe filled with bubble universes, of which our universe is just one.Brane Multiverse (Level 2): String theory leaves open the possibility that our universe is on just one 3-dimensional brane, while other branes ​of any number of dimensions could have whole other universes on them.Cyclic Multiverse (Level 1): One possible result from string theory is that branes could collide with each other, resulting in universe-spawning big bangs that not only created our universe but possibly other ones.Landscape Multiverse (Level 1 4): String theory leaves open a lot of different fundamental properties of the universe which, combined with the in flationary multiverse, means there could be many bubble universes out there which have fundamentally different physical laws than the universe we inhabit. Quantum Multiverse (Level 3): This is essentially the Many Worlds Interpretation (MWI) of quantum mechanics; anything that can happen does... in some universe.Holographic Multiverse (Level 4): According to the holographic principle, there is a physically-equivalent parallel universe that would exist on a distant bounding surface (the edge of the universe), in which everything about our universe is precisely mirrored.Simulated Multiverse (Level 4): Technology will possibly advance to the point where computers could simulate each and every detail of the universe, thus creating a simulated multiverse whose reality is nearly as complex as our own.Ultimate Multiverse (Level 4): In the most extreme version of looking at parallel universes, every single theory which could possibly exist would have to exist in some form somewhere.

Unemployment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Unemployment - Research Paper Example Unemployment If the efficiency of the economy is to be maximized, then the all the individuals in the economy would be employed at a certain wage rate. An unemployed person is simultaneously unproductive as well as a huge drain on the resources of the society leading to a huge drop in the aggregate output production in the economy. Psychological impacts of unemployment are also adverse which leads to long run degradation of an economy. The obnoxious characteristics of unemployment is one of the foremost problems in every countries of the world be it a developed or developing and the government of those countries are facing every day challenges and formulating as well as implementing strategies in order to mitigate the problem of unemployment (Griffiths & Rotheim, 2007, p.2). The paper will seek to analyze the historical evolution of unemployment along with the current status of it with various problems faced by the people from time to time and the unemployment rates in different countries. Follow ing this, focus will be entailed on the endeavor adapted by different governments for neutralizing this grave problem. Finally the paper will inject some self assessed recommendations for solving the problem of unemployment. II. Definition of the problem Unemployment Unemployment is the macroeconomic problem which affects people most directly and in a severe manner. For majority of the people in the world (although there is voluntary unemployment and other forms of unemployment which is discussed later in this segment), a loss in job correlates directly with a reduced living standard and immense psychological distress. (Mankiw, 2005, p.155). It is one of the central themes of discussions for economists and the politicians round the globe in the identification of different causes of unemployment and simultaneously involves in the improvement of several public policies affecting the unemployed. In this respect, a famous statement by Thomas Carlyle can be mentioned which is as follows: â€Å"A man willing to work, and unable to find work, is perhaps the saddest sight that fortune’s inequality exhibits under the sun† (Huebner, 1932, p.49). Now a short insight on different types of unemployment can be provided in order to have a more brief idea of the unemployment arena. Frictional unemployment Within the sphere of unemployment, it has been found that a certain amount of time has been spent within the job tenure of the individuals and finding another employment. The labor market is dynamic market and at a particular point of time there will remain a certain number of unemployed persons and the crux of frictional unemployment leads to acknowledging the fact those adjustments in the employment takes some time which is indeed a harsh reality (Mankiw, 2005, p.603). Structural unemployment This type of unemployment generates when there is wide gap between the skills required by the employers of firms and skills provided by the employees or the labor and th is type of unemployment experiences long spells. It has been found in the industry of rocket science there can generate higher or lower unemployment in the submarket rather than the national market. In this industry if the trade agreements are such that it allows for the outsourcing in the other countries, then the labor market for the rocket scientist will perish in the domestic country (Schmitt, J & Warner, 2011, p.1). Voluntary Unemployment The notion of the voluntary

Coca olas Response to Changing Market Conditions Essay

Coca olas Response to Changing Market Conditions - Essay Example While Coca Cola was focusing too much on carbonated drinks, PepsiCo was responding to market changes in two important ways. To begin with, Pepsi chose diversification as its strategy to increase its customer base. By this time, they had already realised that they would be better access a bigger part of the market by offering complimenting products such as energy bars and other snack foods. Meeting emerging consumer concerns PepsiCo also realised one important thing about consumer needs. As people started to be more concerned about the health issues caused by cola drinks, PepsiCo was quick to launch healthy products such as diet code and other non-sugary products. This was a very good way to access the segment of the market which was tied in people who could not use the normal carbonated beverages. At the same time, the number of people with health issues such as diabetes was becoming very high and this made it possible to have a big market share for non-sugary beverages. Pepsis was q uick to respond to this rising marketing needs. Yet, at such a time when non carbonated drinks were becoming favourite for so many people who were either concerned about the health impacts of carbonated drinks or whose health issues could not allow them to use the same, Coca cola, under the leadership of Goizueta, continued to focus on its cola drinks. Roberto Goizueta believed that being able to efficiently produce carbonated drinks was the strategy that would help the firm to have a permanent grip on the market. This was both right and wrong. This is because although low production costs are a good strategy, they can only be helpful to a business if they are geared towards the right direction. In other words, Coca cola’s low cost strategies were good but were focused on the wrong product. This is a time when Coca cola should have been focusing on looking at how it could have been able to introduce new products which would fit the new and emerging consumer needs. This made C oca cola to remain behind PepsiCo and therefore giving PepsiCo the upper hand in the market. Coca cola not only failed to diversify like PepsiCo had done, but is also failed to consider new market needs. Q2 Coca Cola Coca Cola’s marketing orientation is geared towards affecting the way the buyer thinks about the product. A closer look at the way in which Coca Cola manages its marketing in the times of Goizueta indicates that Coca cola is not customer oriented. This is seen as the old-school marketing in which organisations did not look too much into what the customer wanted but rather only focused on developing a product and the presenting it to the consumer (Ireland, Hoskisson and Hitt 2010). In this regard, it means that Coca Cola only focused on producing the products which they thought best for customers and then delivering this product. In such an arrangement, marketing is done by massive branding campaigns which would be geared towards making the customer to believe tha t the product is best for them (Kenny 2009). This is what coca cola had used for a long time leading it to become the number one brand in the world. Coca Cola also seems to focus on specialising rather than diversification. In this regard, especially under the leadership of the charismatic leader Goizueta, Coca Cola focused too much on its main product which was its cash cow. In fact, Coca Cola’s diversification was only as a reaction to PepsiCo’s market success brought by PepsiCo’s diversification strategy. PepsiCo PepsiCo on the other hand had a different marketing orientation. Towards the end of the 20th century, PepsiCo seemed to have realised that aligning the business strategy to the needs of the customer was the next big thing. Unlike Coca Cola, PepsiCo started focusing on looki

William Shakespeare and Julius Caesar Essay Example for Free

William Shakespeare and Julius Caesar Essay William Shakespeare was born on April 23, 1564. Records show that Shakespeare was baptized three days after he was born, on April 26, 1564. He grew up in a town called Stratford upon Avon. During his lifetime, Shakespeare had three jobs. He was a playwright, a businessman, and an actor. Shakespeare not only wrote plays, but also sonnets. His most famous sonnet would be â€Å"Sonnet 18†. Some of his greatest plays are The Tragedy of Julius Caesar and The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet. Shakespeare was known for stealing the ideas for his plays from other playwrights during his time. But, somehow he wrote magnificent plays and became the greatest playwright of all time. Shakespeare was also a businessman, just like his father. His father was a glove maker and a well respected man in the community. Although Shakespeare was not well respected, he was a successful businessman. He was a co-owner of The Globe Theatre, which was an amphitheatre located near the Themes River in England. Unfortunately, The Globe Theatre burnt down and was not able to be rebuilt by the time Shakespeare died. As an actor, Shakespeare did take part in some of his plays. Although he was never known to play the main roles. In some cases he would play a character that was important to the show.   Tragically, Shakespeare died on April 23, 1616. This is the day believed to be his birthday. Shakespeare was a very busy man during his life. He was an actor, a co-owner of The Globe Theatre, and the greatest playwright in history. The Tragedy of Julius Caesar Act I The major characters that start the play are Julius Caesar, Brutus, Cassius, Antony, and the soothsayer. Act I begins on February 15, when Caesar is celebrating his defeat over Pompey. The soothsayer warns Caesar, Beware the ides of March, but Caesar pays no attention to it. Cassius pulls Brutus aside to talk to him about Caesar and joining the conspiracy. Terrible weather is foreshadowing trouble. Act II The main characters in act II are Calpurnia, Caesar, Brutus, Portia, Cassius, and the other conspirators. Brutus joins the conspiracy and leads it. He tells Cassius and the other conspirators that there will be no oath, no Cicero, and no killing of Mark Antony. Calpurnia has a dream that Caesar is killed and convinces him not to go to the capitol. Decius reinterprets the dream and changes Caesars mind about going to the capitol. Portia begins to worry about Brutus because he hasnt been talking to her lately. Act III The main characters in this act are Caesar, Brutus, Antony, and the other conspirators. Caesar is again warned on his way to the capitol, but ignores it. The conspirators gather around Caesar in the capitol to discuss Metillus brother being released from banishment. Then they all stab and murder Caesar. Antony meets with the conspirators and pretends to be friends with them, but his real plan is to get revenge for Caesars death. Brutus allows Antony to speak at Caesars funeral. First Brutus speaks and wins over the crowd. Then Antony speaks and turns the crowd against Brutus and the conspirators by reading Caesars will. Act IV The main characters in this act are Octavius, Antony, Lepidus, Brutus, Cassius, and Caesars ghost. Antony, Octavius, and Lepidus are triumvirs, but Antony and Octavius are not sure whether or not Lepidus should rule with them. Brutus found out that Portia has died from swallowing fire. He is also arguing with Cassius a lot. Caesars ghost appears to Brutus and warns him that he will die at Philippi. Act V The main characters in act V are Octavius, Antony, Brutus, and Cassius. They all decide to meet in the field before the battle to talk. Cassius decides to run upon his own sword and kill himself. This is ironic because it is his birthday. Brutus finds out that Cassius is dead and decides to run upon his own sword too.

Forms of Assessment :: Teaching Education

Forms of Assessment If one was to draw a continuum on a piece of paper to plot out the different methods of language education the transactional method would be close to the center of the line, with the transmissional method and organic/Romantic method on the opposing ends. The transmissional method of instruction stresses direct instruction, usually with drill and practice type of exercises. The lessons are skills based with a stress on â€Å"part to whole† language. This refers to experiencing words as their individual graphophonemic parts. The transactional method of teaching stresses the facilitation of information from the teacher to the student. Learning for the transactional teacher is a social process with the learner. Knowledge is constructed by the learner and language is taught from â€Å"whole to part†. Whole to part refers to the context with which the learner sees text. Rather than learning words and graphemes individually, the learner sees them in full texts. These lang uage methods are often shaped by the particular paradigm that each teacher chooses. The search for truth forms the various paradigms that we have discussed in class. According to Realism, truth can be found only in the real world. The quest for knowledge ends with what we can see and feel and touch. Realism is very empirical and scientific therefore translates into a transmissional view of language. An example of a philosophy that comes from this paradigm is Essentialism. In contrast to Realism, Pragmatism holds that there is no truth. Truth is not found in the real world, but truth is relative. It is defined and constructed by the learner. The Pragmatist view translates into a transactional method of language instruction. The transaction between the teacher and the learner is a mutual quest for knowledge. The prime example of a philosophy of education that arises from Pragmatism is Constructivism. The third out of the three main paradigms that form educational thought is Idealism. Unlike Pragmatism, Idealism says that there is truth. Also, unlike Realism, Idea lism says that truth can be found in the metaphysical. So where does that leave Christians? Christians find knowledge in both the metaphysical (from God) and from the real world (His creation). That means that there must be a middle ground between Realism and Idealism. This middle ground is called Christian Theism. Christian Theism holds that there is truth and that it can be found, through God and His works.

Poetry Appreciation Essay

In this essay I am going to compare and contrast ‘When we two parted’ a poem of George Gordon, Lord Byron’s written in 1815 and Letitia Elizabeth Landon’s ‘Love’s last lesson’ written in c1838, both poets are British and of the romantic period. ‘When we two parted’ is an elegy of the loss of love, Byron is reflecting and analyzing a relationship that has already ended. His grief, anger and despair, intensifies his use of first person, which maintains a strong impact on the audience throughout. The poem is powerful, personal and unreserved, the emotion and passion is definitely felt through his writing. Byron’s message is ambiguous; so the reader is able to make their own assumption this is the beauty of the poem, it is subject to individual interpretation, making it inclusive and relatable to many different situations. The structure of the poem is separated into four stanzas each one being an octet. Punctuation suggests that every two lines can be read as one, the metre of the poem is iambic pentameter, each line having 5 iambs and 10 syllables when two lines are read as one. The rhyming pattern in stanza one, two and four is ababcdcd but stanza three is ababacac. The poem mainly has a regular rhyming scheme but the ‘flow’ is disrupted in stanzas one and four lines five and six, I am not sure if this was intentional. I believe the poem can be interpreted in many different ways; the overall impression is the separation of two lovers, throughout the poem there are numerous references suggesting bereavement, loss and infidelity. In the first Stanza the metaphor ‘Pale grew thy cheek and cold, colder thy kiss;’ uses pale and cold in contrast with the rosy warm imagery of life, this could very well be an indication of death but could simply be an exaggeration of how he felt after the break up. On Line four the statement ‘To sever for years’ is ambiguous as it suggests a lengthy separation but can also mean cut in two therefore could be related to line three ‘Half broken- hearted’, another interesting point is that the Byron used the word years rather than eternity or forever, maybe there was a hope of being reunited again in the future. ‘Sorrow’ symbolizes the grief and mourning he feels, not necessarily for somebody who has passed away simply just a loss. In stanza two ‘The dew of the morning, Sunk chill on my brow’ the dew is the cold wet, the image of rain could be an allegory of tears and signifying his misery. ‘Thy vows are all broken,’ implies his ‘lover’ was or is married or the promises she made to him were shattered, subsequently Byron speaks of feeling ashamed when he hears his/her name, possibly because their relationship was illicit . The following stanza uses a powerful expression ‘They name thee before me, A knell to mine ear; A shudder comes o’er me’ a knell is the sound of a depressing bell rung slowly at a funeral, his lover may have died or Byron could again be exaggerating his emotions, speaking as though his lover or ex lover has passed away. On line twenty Lord Byron asks ‘Why wert thou so dear?’ why were you so special? Or why did I love you so much?, he is questioning and resenting these feelings, the poem then goes on to assert that nobody was aware of the relationship not even those that knew them both well, ‘Long, long shall I rue thee, too deeply to tell,’ Byron is clearly saying that he bitterly regrets the situation, wishing it had never occurred maybe even feeling guilty if his lover was married. Finally the fourth stanza confirms an affair of some sort ‘In secret we met- In silence I grieve, That thy heart could forget, Thy spirit deceive’, if his lover had died or merely returned to his/her partner, then he would still grieve in silence as the relationship was private, Byron feels betrayed and bitter about the relationship, the use of the word ‘spirit’ again gives the impression of death. ‘If I should meet thee, after long years, how should I greet thee! With silence and tears’, the last line of the poem is a reverberation of the second line; giving an impression of irresolution, whilst the exclamation mark puts the echoed line in a different context, when they meet again it will be with silence and tears however the silence will have a different meaning and the tears will not be ones of sorrow. It is almost like each stanza represents the cycle of Byron’s emotions, stanza one is the initial breakup and the start of his grieving process, in stanza two Byron is still distressed and goes on to express his disappointment and embarrassment, by stanza three he is ashamed of himself, questioning the love and deeply regretting the situation finally in stanza four he is bitter and fantasising of how he would disregard her/him if they were to ever meet again. Love’s last lesson’ is a soliloquy representing Landon’s frustration. My impression is that the character has fallen for somebody who hasn’t returned her love or wasn’t taking the ‘relationship’ as seriously as she was. The structure of the poem is free verse; it has neither regular metre nor rhyme In lines one to eight Landon expresses her anger and frustration towards her ex love, who has obviously moved on and forgotten their relationship with ease, she cannot comprehend how it is her that’s been dismissed as she feels she was the perfect companion. Landon uses words from a semantic field of religion ‘I who have worshipp’d thee, my god on earth’ is a strong statement but the metaphor emphasizes her absolute adoration for him. ‘Your last command, forget me, ‘she speaks about him as though he has control over her and she must obey him. ‘Will it not sink deeply down within my inmost soul?’ questioning herself for comfort the poet doesn’t think it’s possible to move on, ‘Forget thee! – ay, forgetfulness will be a mercy to me’ she genuinely wishes she could evade her emotions, it would cease her heartache. The hurt has taken control of her life to the extent of avoiding sleep in fear; she relives the agony in her nightmares ‘a dream had made me live my woes again’. The dreams she has are in fact worse than reality, ‘Acting my wretchedness, without the hope my foolish heart still clings to,’ the only thing Landon can do now is ‘hope’ that there will be some progression even though she herself thinks it’s highly unlikely, her hope is the only positive thing she has left other than the heartache and sorrow, she uses the simile of hope being like a drug that calms her pain slightly until the realisation hits which makes it unbearable ‘double torture’. Landon is isolated and spending her days alone feelings nervous and uneasy, ‘when a breath sent the crimson to my cheek, like the red gushing of a sudden wound; by all the careless looks and the careless words which have to me been like the scorpions stinging’ crimson and red flushing to the cheek gives an imagery of shame, this gave me the impression of defamation, Landon may have a history that she isn’t proud of and that is what she actually wants to forget, the way she is being disregarded is what is hurting more than anything as she said it was like a ‘scorpion stinging’ which is a simile for unspeakable pain. In this stanza Landon makes some powerful statements; her happiness has been destroyed forever, she’s deemed with perpetual misery, her feelings have been wasted, her health destroyed, her hopes have been crushed and her heart stole,

Buy-Grid model Essay

Supplier Evaluation An important job of the purchasing agent is to evaluate potential suppliers and their offerings. The effects of purchasing on a firm’s competitive ability are great, so companies pay close attention to how they evaluate suppliers. Marketers must also understand the process, for them the ones being evaluated. Understand the process is like understand the rules of any games; if you don’t know how to score, you are unlikely to win. The buy-grid model is a version of a theory developed as a general model of rational organization decision making, explain how companies make decisions about, for example, where to locate a plant or make a purchase. The buy grid model has two parts: the buy-phase model and the buy class. The buy-phase model in a management class as the rational or extensive problem solving model or in consumer behavior as high-involvement model. Buy -phase model suggests that people go through a series of steps (or phrases) when making a decision, beginning with problem recognition. Then they search for alternatives, evaluate alternatives, and select a solution, which are them implemented and evaluated. For example, when an organization needs new office space, crowded conditions help force recognition of the need. The next step is to define the type of product needed: Does the organization want to build a new office building, add on to an existing building, or simply find a larger place to rent or buy? As the organization continues to examine its needs, detailed specifications such as the size and number of offices are created. If the decision in the second step was to build on, an architect would help create specifications drawing plans. Then suppliers would be contracted, included those recommended by architect. Step 5, acquisition and analysis of proposals, involves receiving and reviewing bids from each contractor. The architect and the executives would meet, evaluate the proposals, and select  a contractor (step 6). Step 7 involves the creations of a contract specifying when the building will be completed, what it will look like, and when the payment will be made. Evaluation begins as the project begins, but continues well after the organization moves in. As observers of buying behavior quickly realized, many organizational purchase decisions do not involve that much work or include each and every step every time. A second element, the buy-class, was added, resulting in the grid. Buy-class refers to the type of buying decision, based on the experience of the buyer with a purchase of a particular product or service. Organizational researchers realized that once a decision was made, products were bought automatically over and over; recognizing a problem simply mean recognizing that the company is low in an item and needs to order more. The complete process was used only for new buys, products or services never purchased before. Automatic purchasing described what happen with straight rebuys, and only two steps were required. These steps are need recognition and placing an order. At other times, however, a product or service would be bought again but not automatically. When a company was contemplating a rebuy but wanted to shop around, the process will be included most or perhaps all of the steps – hence the term modified re-buys. In this instance, the process may involve need recognition, an evaluation of suppliers, and a decision – a process that can be similar to a new buy. The difference is not in the number of steps but in the amount and type of information that must be collected before a purchase can be made. Modified rebuys can also be similar to straight re-buys or new buys, depending on the specific of the situation. In a new buy, the buyer has no experience with the product or service and must be educated about the product or service to make a purchase. In a modified re-buy, the buyer has purchased the product or service before. There, the buyer will not spend time on education about the product itself, but the various vendors and their offerings as the buyer shops around. The buy grid model, therefore describe how purchasing practices vary along a continuum depending on the buyer’s experience in buying that particular product or  service. Value analysis is one situation that can turn a straight rebuy into a modified rebuy. When a company is closely evaluating a particular part, one question that is asked is if the part is available elsewhere for less. As the answer is sought to this question, out-suppliers (those suppliers who products are not considered in a straight re rebuy) are given the opportunity to earn business. In-suppliers (those suppliers whose products are ordered automatically in a straight rebuy) must prove value or create new value by redesigning their offerings. Thus, the purchase moves from being a straight rebuy to a modified rebuy. Buy-Grid and Marketing Practice The theory suggests that more information is needed by the buyer to make a new buy than when making a modified rebuy, and almost no information is needed for a straight rebuy. To use this model, a company would look at the degree to which a market is buying a product for the first time. If most of the market is buying the product for the first time, method of communication such as personal selling may be used in order to provide the most information. Advertising would contain a lot of detailed copy that described the benefits and how the product worked. Over-time, as the market grows more familiar with the product, less educational methods of communicating may be used, such as catalogs. Another marketing implication is thatan in-supplier would like purchases of its products to be straight rebuys. Annual contracts are one method of creating straight rebuys. For example, Xerox offers its customers an annual supply contract. Each time a department is low in copier supplies, the purchasing department orders automatically from Xerox, perhaps using EDI. Out-suppliers would be locked out until the next time the contract comes up for review. Recently, research has found that marketers who get involved early in the decision process are more likely to be successful. In part, this higher  probability of success is due to greater understanding of the buyer’s needs, an opportunity to help shape those needs, and a better understanding of the process. The lower probability of success when starting later in the process is also due to the fact that buyers become committed to a course of action over the process of making the decision, and that course often leans towards alternatives presented early in the process. When buyers don’t have experience, marketing strategies can provide buyers with the information they need to make a decision. Marketers consider how buyers use that information to be very important.

Essay Sample on The Battle Royal Literature Analysis

Essay Sample on The Battle Royal Literature Analysis Free college essay on The Battle Royal: An archetypal initiation story involves a protagonist, of a specific culture, sorting through a personal battle of good versus evil. In order to combat unethical or immoral practices, the protagonist must find, within himself, a way to make the change. The Battle Royal by Ralph Waldo Ellison is an archetypal initiation story told by the protagonist, an African American male narrator. In his late teen age years, he must complete a speech, and then live up to his grandfather’s dying wish. Telling the story twenty years later, the narrator remembers the cultural journey he made to become the man he is today. Mordecai Marcus has said that an initiation story will â€Å"show it’s protagonist experiencing a significant change of knowledge†¦or a change of character†¦and this change must point or lead him toward an adult world.†(219). The â€Å"Battle Royal† taken from the book, â€Å"the Invisible Man†, is the most conclusive of any initiation stories, showing the protagonist â€Å"embarked toward maturity† (219). First, the narrator must attend an unexpected battle, fighting his fellow classmates, then suffering electrocution, in order to say a speech. Saying the speech is very important to him, and after making the speech, he receives a briefcase containing a scholarship. Knowing that his grandfather would be proud, after receipt of the scholarship, the narrator went to his grandfather’s photograph. He â€Å"stood beneath his photograph with [his] briefcase in hand and smiled triumphantly into his stolid black peasant’s face† (218). By completing the speech, the narrator has faced what most archetypal initiation stories consider rules of culture and heroics. Participation in the battle and the subsequent scholarship form a â€Å"most decisive† (219) protagonist. According to Marcus, this type of protagonist is the most important of any initiation story. In order to fit into the most important category of initiation stories, as described by Marcus, the narrator must be launched toward maturity. In his explanation of battle, 20 years later, the narrator has matured. He recalls a dream that he has after the speech, which haunts him â€Å"for many years after† (218). Immediately following the battle, he is unable to decipher the dream, or able to connect it to his grandfather, but he hears his grandfather laugh eerily in his subconscious, even after awakening. He is is aware that he must first begin college to eventually find the answer, which is inside him. He eventually does, but it takes twenty years. The narrator finds the answer, which is that he is invisible because he is black. He realizes what his grandfather expected of him. He must work to break the mold of the average African American, and not sit around waiting for the stereotypes to be changed by someone else. As an archetypal hero, the protagonist is a hero who must continue on towards a goal and, â€Å"not until the hero sorts out the corruption in his world and in himself can vitality and health be restored to his world† (1519). The narrator in â€Å"The Battle Royal† knows that his world will be turned upside down and he will lose everything that he has been working toward for his entire life, if he does not complete his speech and obtain his scholarship. To his surprise he â€Å"was stopped and told to go back† (216). The narrator is given a chance to complete his speech, and to decipher the dream that haunts him. The narrator now understands what his grandfather intended when on his deathbed saying to him: â€Å"Overcome ‘em with yeses† (209), meaning that the he must fit in with the white people, in order to start changing the rules, so that eventually blacks will have the equality they deserve. The narrator becomes an adult, and is able to understand his grandfather’s wishes: â€Å"I was looking for myself and asking everyone except myself questions which I, and only I, could answer† (208). The questions are answered twenty years later. When the narrator admits that he does not feel ashamed for his grandparents being slaves, only â€Å"ashamed of [himself] for having at one time been ashamed† (209), he achieves realization of what he needed to do to fulfill own life For this reason â€Å"The Battle Royal† is an archetypal initiation stories, and categorized by Marcus as the most definitive of all types of initiation stories.

Meghalaya's Living Bridges Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Meghalaya's Living Bridges - Research Paper Example Normal bridges are not viable in this region, as they would be damaged easily by rain of such magnitude. The living bridge gain strength with time and survive for a number of years. These bridges are strong and sturdy and can support even more than 50 people at once (BBC Series Web). Living bridges are only found in Meghalaya region and can hardly been seen in any other part of the world. This is considered unique and attracts a many people from various parts of the world. Actually, the Meghalaya community has been advised to continue nurturing the living bridges since they are a strong tourist attraction. The purpose of the living bridge is for people to go across rivers and streams during the rainy season that is estimated to be 25 meters. In addition, this region has many rivers that are fast flowing .Small rivers and streams rise above their normal height and become impassable on rainy season. These living bridges act as a solution to crossing such streams and bridges (BBC Series Web). These living bridges are complex in nature but managed and maintained by skillful biological engineering of roots of rubber

Riding on the Waves of Online Retall Business Research Paper

Riding on the Waves of Online Retall Business - Research Paper Example Now, the internet has been proven to be an effective vehicle as well to boost a growing business’ economy. Private accounts in public sites such as Multiply and other blog sites can now be considered shopping spots for some specialized products or services, and young entrepreneurs resort to these sites to begin selling their wares first to their friends, and hope that the word spreads so more traffic is geared to their online business sites. Noninska (2003) identified three basic models that represent main electronic commerce systems. One is â€Å"Business-to-Business (B2B), another is â€Å"Business-to-Consumer† (B2C) and the last is â€Å"Consumer-to-Consumer† (C2C). This paper will focus on B2C. Cyprus (2011) explains that B2C refers to the online selling of products, known as e-tailing. B2C makes it possible that any product can be virtually e-tailed. However, the challenge for online retailers and manufacturers is to attract consumers to their website marke tplace. Originally, this needed assistance with search engines, as consumers often search for products or services they need by keying in the related words on a search engine search bar. Usually, consumers choose websites on the first few pages of the results that flash up the screen. Knowing this tendency of consumers, businesses fight for a slot in the first few pages of the results of a search. One way to do it is to purchase paid listings as well as employ search engine optimization techniques such as using popular consumer keywords in their web text. The purpose of attracting traffic towards their website is to receive views from consumers and potential clients (Cyprus, 2011). Two variations of the B2C model were identified by Robert (2007). Direct sale to the customer is the first variation. An example is SmugMug.com charging their consumers for photo sharing/hosting services. The customers’ photography skills range from inexperienced shutterbugs to professional photogr aphers. This site does not offer any feature for free unlike other sites like Flickr because they are confident that their consumers are aware that they offer a great product at the right price so there is much value in availing of their service over a competitor offering services for free. Actual products and goods are mostly sold by online retailers. The second approach is the advertising model where popular sites that generate huge amounts of traffic like YouTube, Flickr, Facebook, etc. come in. Free services are offered to consumers so visitors flock in who then become targets of advertising when they are logged in. Advertising can come in various forms such as â€Å"pay-per-click like Google ads to cost-per-impression to direct sale of a spot† (Robert, 2007). Just how do B2C outfits operate? Noninska (2003) compares B2C systems to real-world shopping experience. Transactions are done over an open network, so customers have unrestricted access. When a deal is closed, paym ent is made using credit cards. The B2C system verifies the validity of the card and the identity of the customer (Steinfield, n.d.). B2C sites should be user-friendly as well as offer benefits to customers such as low costs and data security. It should be able to deliver the required information within the shortest time possible so customers do not have to wait

Travel and Tourism Environment in Brazil Case Study

Travel and Tourism Environment in Brazil - Case Study Example During the 18th and 19th centuries, it became the commercial center for the rich sugar and cotton region along the zona da Mata west of Arcanum. Out at the Engenho Boa Sorte, two km from town along the river, is the baroque Igreja de Camandaroba, the second building that the Jesuits constructed back in 1731.Aracaju just may be the Cleveland of the Northeast. The city has little to offer the visitor-there is no colonial inheritance-and it is visually quite unattractive. Even beaches are below the prevailing high standard of the Brazilian Northeast. the Permanent Secretary relates to the activities and developments which have taken place in the period between the XVI Inter-American Travel Congress, which was held in Panama on November 25-28, 1991, and the XVII Congress. In this regard, it includes a summary report on the implementation of the resolutions of the XVI Congress, the activities of the Permanent Executive Committee (PEC), and developments relating to the General Secretariat's involvement in tourism related projects and activities. THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTEGRATED TOURISM ITINERARIES,ECOTOURISM,THE ENVIRONMENT AND TOURISM,SHORT-TERM TRAINING IN ECOTOURISM FOR THE HOTEL AND TOURISM INDUSTRY,THE ECONOMIC BENEFITS FROM TOURISM,ATTRACTING ADDITIONAL SOURCES OF CONCESSIONARY CREDIT FOR TOURISM DEVELOPMENT PROJECT,CRUISE TOURISM,FINANCING FOR TOURISM DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS 2. Roles of government, private and international organizations in developing tourism (how the government is hThe Brazilian study is the first attempt to identify those national organizations that are Making grants for public benefit in Brazil. It provides many valuable insights into the origins and nature of these organizations and their capacity to mobilize and distribute resources and Suggests ways to increase their role and impact. The findings are based on a universe of 31Grant making foundations.elping, example: foreigner policies, duty free, taxation, relaxing policies for tourists).The study shows that over three quarters of all foundations operate their own programs in Addition to giving grants. One striking feature of the Brazilian context is that these programs Are frequently operated in partnership with other nonprofits, government programs, Community associations or corporations. Through such partnerships, which take many forms and also include donations, foundations test pilot programs, replicate successful initiative sand transfer business skills. It is significant that education is given a high priority by Brazilian foundations, constituting a Programmatic priority for 81% of foundations.5 the author suggests that this is largely because education is a popular cause with the public, represents a low risk and fits national Priorities, making it possible to leverage government resources. The Brazilian study shows that corporate grant makers are playing a key role in the creation ofa new professional culture of grant making and have introduced concepts and practices from The business sector into the management of their organizations. Program designed for staff member of Brazil's congress to observe education initiatives in the

Albatross Anchors part 3 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Albatross Anchors part 3 - Case Study Example Being founded in 1976, Albatross Anchor operates as a family business in the USA. It was instigated by four people family members and currently performs with the manpower of 130 employees. The company has been engaged with the manufacturing and shipping of anchors in the wholesale market of the nation and other neighboring countries as well. Thus, the entire organizational process involves various phases which can be sorted as producing, storing or warehousing and shipping among others. With the intention of proposing the company to adopt changes, after taking certain beneficial strategic measures, the discussion henceforth will intend to address four challenges faced by Albatross in its current practices rendering recommendations to the identified issues. Furthermore, adhering to the changes recommended, the strategic selections will be justified along with a detailed plan of implementing those strategies and a timeline through Gantt chart. ... It is in this context that the company needs to witness challenges in terms of legal barriers limiting the maximum weight to be shipped at a time. Owing to this particular reason, where on one hand the company needs to incur extra cost burden of transportation costs in case of railroads; on the other hand, it had to witness hurdles in transporting through ocean routes as well where the products were entitled to be initially shipped through rail to the dock and then loaded on the ship, which incurred extra labor costs for shipping goods in the international market. Furthermore, due to the increasing complexities in the shipping procedure, the organization also had to face hurdles in managing the manpower effectively. Hence, it can be recommended that the company needs to reframe its administrative staff arrangement along with absorbing more manpower in its transportation process. Although engaging greater manpower shall prove to be a costly venture in the short-run, it shall prove as highly beneficial in the long-run to gain enhanced sustainability and profitability minimizing the confusions arising in the shipment process. Again, as the company produces both domestic and international products incurring different production costs, it should intend to re-consider its pricing strategies which would neither hamper the interests of the wholesale customers, nor would inhibit the profit margin of the company (Rivers, 2012). Challenge # 3: Quality Management In relation to quality management, the products which are produced by Albatross, i.e. bell anchors and snag hook anchors, follow distinct procedures or mechanisms and techniques. For instance, the bell anchors are

Water and Management Precipitation Input

Water and Management Precipitation Input Abstract: One of the key issues in flood management is knowledge of the precipitation input into catchments for hydrologists knowledge of this serves to mitigate hazardous and environmental catastrophes, it is thus imperative to adequately determine precipitation input with appropriate and applicable statistical tools. The objective of this study is to determine the actual precipitation input and suggest the most appropriate method of determining precipitation input for the model catchment provided. Standard and commonly used methods of obtaining the areal precipitation input over a catchment area from rain gauge measurements at the precipitation stations are the Arithmetic mean, Thiessen Polygon, Isohyetal, and the Hypsometric methods. These methods serve as good approximations where the topography of a catchment is flat, if the gauges are uniformly distributed and the individual gauge catches do not differ extensively from the mean. Arithmetic mean: This is the simplest form of giving a value of the average rainfall over a certain area, and works well under the following conditions: When the catchment area is sampled by many uniformly spaced rain gauges When the area has no marked diversity in topography (Davie, 2008) Applying this measurement tool to the arithmetic mean: There are 7 rain gauges with the mean value being 27.14 The total catchment area is = 456km 456 million square meters, 27mm = 0.027 meters So 456,000,000 x 0.027m  § = 12,312,000 m3 Thiessen Polygons: The method was devised by an American engineer, the method provides for the non-uniform distribution of gauges by determining a weighting factor for each gauge. This factor is based on the size of the area within the drainage basin that is closest to a given rain gauge. These areas are otherwise known as irregular polygons. The method is straightforward and easy to use: The catchment is divided into polygons by lines that are equidistant between pair of adjacent stations The lines/polygons are bisected Workout the area of each polygon by counting the squares within each Sums up the areas Compare to arithmetic method to confirm the two are the same Convert the individual polygonal areas to million sq meters and multiply by the converted precipitation rain gauges for example: o 178,000,000 x0.055 =9,790,000 Once this is done add them altogether to derive the total volume of precipitation input within the catchment. Isohyetal method This considered one of the most accurate methods; however as one will often find the method is subject to individual abilities and the knowledge of the general catchment. (Shaw, 1994) The method is more complicated than the first two: To derive of an accurate estimation of the rainfall input one must first find the distance between two rain gauges in mm and eventually interpolate and extrapolate the line to give the adjacent rainfall levels, which can later be plotted back onto the catchment sheet. i.e. method of summation: get the equidistant line between the two rain gauges take for example the distance in mm between gauge A and B 8.5cm-convert to mm- 85mm find the difference between the two rainfall gauges 55-30=25 now to work out the a  ¼ of 85, one would divide 85/100 and multiply this by 25  § =21.25 Which is subsequently a  ¼ of the equidistant line between the two rainfall gauges This figure can be used to derive the 2/4 point, the  ¾ point etc. By simply doubling the 21.25 figure you arrive at the 2/4 or 50% point and then to get the 75% point adds 21.25 to the 50% point. One must now expand on the quartiles between the rainfall gauges: This is done by using the difference (25) calculated earlier. Half of this gives 12.5 which when added to the first gauge, or gauge B (30mm) you get 42.5. Half of 12.5 gives 6.25, which when added to 30 gives 36.25, and so on until it matches against the adjacent measuring line. (*see supplementary sheets to see for techniques and further explanation) -once this is done plot the rainfall values using the adjacent measurements and join lines of equal rainfall Then progress to count the areas between the isohyets and find the average the two. Convert the individual areas to million sq meters and multiply by the converted average precipitation values for example: 31,000,000 x 0.059 = 1,829,000 cm3 Do the same with all the values; add them to get the total volume of precipitation input. Hypsometric Method The method uses catchment topography and the rainfall measurements to derive of a total weighted precipitation input. It fairly accurate however is also dependant on the abilities of an individual, whilst drawing the hypsometric curve. The hypsometric curve allows for adjacent precipitation values to read from the graph. The area underneath the curve of precipitation gives the area of an individual gauge, and can be calculated thereafter in the same system as the previous two methods: Analysis/Conclusion: It is clear from the results that the arithmetic mean is the likely to be less accurate than the other 3 methods, this is due to the catchment having qualities, such as topography and well distributed gauges which are characteristics that prove desirable to the other three methods. I have averaged the precipitation inputs to get a more accurate figure: Averaged 15,027,250 Total volume cm3 It has been very difficult to observe a trend of between the methods, however three major patterns have been observed, the arithmetic mean varies much from the Thiessen weights and other two weights, showing that on one level the arithmetic mean is less accurate and takes the values into a much broader scale, whereas the other three methods are much more specific. The relation between the weights is very spread because the precipitation input is governed by various factors and complex activities, and each method also demands certain qualities within a catchment for it to be applied appropriately, take for example the Isohyetal method which is subjective to individual abilities and knowledge of the catchment area, which in this case is not entirely possible, given the limited background information. References: Davie, T., (2008) Fundamentals of Hydrology Volume 1 of Routledge fundamentals of physical geography series, 2, illustrated, Routledge, pp28-30 Brooks, K. N., (2003) Hydrology and the management of watersheds, ed.3, illustrated, Wiley-Blackwell, pp30-34 ASCE (1996) Hydrology handbook, Iss. 28 Vol. 28 of Time Life Complete Gardener, American Society of Civil Engineers Publications, pp 40-48 Shaw, E.M., (1994) Hydrology in Practice, Taylor Francis, illustrated, 3rd ed., pp208-212

United NAtions :: essays research papers

United Nations â€Å"5 W’s† What: The political organization established 1945 by the allied powers who were later joined by other nations Who: Today there are 191 nations in the United Nations but It was originally started by those who were fighting against the axis powers. Where: It was decided to have it located in the Eastern United States, they bought land with money given by John D. Rockefeller Jr. along the East River in NYC. When: The United Nations was officially coined such in 1941 by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. The term was not used officially until Jan. 1, 1942, when 26 states joined in the Declaration by the United Nations. Why: The war effort needed to be joined so that they didn’t make peace separately. The need for an international organization to replace the League of Nations was not stated until Oct. 30, 1943. Six Bodies: General Assembly: It meets in regular yearly sessions under a president elected from among the representatives. The regular session usually begins on the third Tuesday in September and ends in mid-December. Special sessions can be convened at the request of the Security Council, of a majority of UN members, or, if the majority concurs, of a single member Security Council: It is charged with maintaining peace and security between nations. While other organs of the UN only make recommendations to member governments, the Security Council has the power to make decisions which member governments must carry out under the United Nations Charter. Economic and Social Council: It assists the General Assembly in promoting international economic and social cooperation and development. Trusteeship Council: It was established to help ensure that non-self-governing territories were administered in the best interests of the inhabitants and of international peace and security. They suspended operation in 1994. Secretariat: It provides studies, information, and facilities needed by United Nations bodies for their meetings.

Concerning Globalisation Essay

In arguments concerning globalisation, controversy is quite evident. Discuss the positive and negative outcomes connected with this issue. In today’s life we often encounter terms such as â€Å"living in a global village† and â€Å"we all live in the same world†. Even simply switching on the television brings us face to face with events occurring on the other side of the globe. News broadcasts transmit not only the local news or the latest political propaganda being fed to the people, but also incidents taking place all over Europe, Asia, the Americas and even Africa. We all witness this everyday, yet we rarely stop to truly think of the implications. What is the significance of virtually being a spectator in events across the world? What difference does this make to an individual? More importantly, what changes does this bring upon a society? Many people consider globalisation a recent, modern phenomenon and associate it with today’s highly technological age. After all, the world must be globalized if humanity is capable of breaching the frontier and sending man into space. However, the truth is that globalisation had much more humble beginnings. Ever since Christopher Columbus set foot in what is now America, and ever since the Roman Empire began conquering land to incorporate into its glorious empire, globalisation has been a vital social process. The fact that this has been taking place for so long has ensured that no country is capable of surviving on its own because nobody is self-sufficient. People today are becoming more interdependent because a global mentality is being encouraged and taught. However, true globalisation was slowed until 1990, the end of the Cold War, because until then the world was divided in two. Nonetheless, many colonised countries (including Malta) still display strong influences, especially in language and culture, adopted from their colonisers. Therefore, globalisation inflicts social change upon a country or area. People are being socialised into other cultures. However, this doesn’t necessarily mean that a country is losing its own culture – it is simply updating it. Technology and communications have had a strong impact on speeding up globalisation. What were first considered luxuries, such as television and Internet, soon became important factors leading to social change. This is because they led to an increase in information accessibility, product accessibility and education. Another aspect of globalisation is the fact that regionalism is decreasing. For example, organisations such as NAFTA started out as regional organisations but have expanded their horizon. The EU has agreements with over 100 countries outside Europe. Transnational corporations also open the doors to globalisation since they have many branches all over the world and have no borders. There are 3 main outlooks on globalisation, which vary drastically from each other. Some argue in favour of this phenomenon whilst others try to prevent it from occurring. The Sceptics believe that the whole argument regarding globalisation is being exaggerated. They say that this sudden debate about this topic is simply over-hyped. Globalisation has not emerged recently – it has just intensified in its interactions and scale. By stating this, the sceptics admit that nowadays there is more interaction and communication between countries than ever before. Sceptics also criticize economy because they believe that it is not truly globalise. They try to prove this by arguing that certain countries are much more developed than others, and if the world were truly globalise countries would be equal. Sceptics are criticized fiercely for what seems to be an old-fashioned and ethnocentric approach. An argument placed against them says that simply because some countries are not yet part of it, it doesn’t mean that globalisation doesn’t exist. They are also accused of discouraging globalisation because they fear that it will make people more interactive and interdependent, thus forcing their governments to share their power and money with others. On the flip side of the coin, one can find the Hyperglobalizers. These believe that the world is one and globalisation covers the whole world and is a very real phenomenon that is felt almost everywhere. This process does not respect national borders or ideas of sovereignty. Hyperglobalizers base their arguments on aspects of commerce, trade and production. Kenichi Ohmae, a Japanese hyperglobalizer, stated that globalisation leads to a â€Å"borderless world†. His argument presents an interesting association with the Marxist ideology, but from an opposite point of view. In fact, Ohmae says that money makes the world go round since it is invested all around the world, under on name. Therefore (like in Marxism) everyone works towards a single goal – the same world. Hyperglobalizers base their arguments on the changing role of each nation within the whole world, not simply within a region. Like the Sceptics, Hyperglobalizers have been criticized for being overly biased towards a particular viewpoint. In fact, they consider globalisation to be indispensable and flawless and reject any negative influences it may bring about. Transformationalists provide an alternative view on the subject. They believe globalisation is the central force in a broad spectrum of changes taking place throughout the world, which is not yet hyper-globalized. In fact, some countries are highly globalized (for example U.S.A., Japan and Europe) whilst others (such as African nations) are still very far behind in this process. Many of these countries are still uncertain on the benefits of globalisation and of what they want. However, countries that are globalised do not lose their independence or sovereignty. For example, although England are a member of the EU, they do not use the Euro as their currency, but the English Sterling (although some say that they may soon succumb to pressure and introduce the Euro). This transformation brought about by globalisation requires people to adjust to the new situation and learn to live with each other and with people from other cultures and backgrounds. Transformationalists also say that globalisation is a two-way flow of images, not simply a one-way process. The No Global movement is another notorious organization fighting against the occurrence of globalisation. They argue that it causes inequality between first and third world countries. They criticize rich countries for not helping poor countries and for not trying to bridge the financial and social gaps between them. However, help must not simply be acts of charity, where money is given to their governments, but more practical help at the root of the problem. There are other NGO’s discouraging globalisation, such as the Campaign for Global Justice, who see it as a completely negative process. These try to inform people that it must be slowed and, if possible, stopped. An argument brought up concerns the aspect of free trade. Whilst some people say that it solves problems of poverty and inequality, they state that this only flows in one direction – the rich produce and the poor consume, thus forcing them to depend on rich countries. If it were truly free trade both would produce and consume, thus creating an equal situation. Globalisation involves certain risks, such as environmental degradation due to development, shifting employment patterns leading to stress and anxiety, heightened job insecurity and de-skilling (such as the infamous 7-Up case in Malta last year), decline in traditional influences and loss of self-identity, erosion of family patterns, and democratization of personal relationships. These are all problems one must consider when trying to evaluate the impact of globalisation, especially in light of the forthcoming referendum on whether Malta is to enter the EU or not. This is a subjective argument, however one cannot deny that without globalisation, the world would not be the same.

Perils of Indifference Analysis

Is Ignorance Bliss? Elie Wiesel was victim to one of the most tragic and horrific incidents of the twentieth century, the Holocaust. He was one of few lucky ones who escaped the camps alive, while his family was part of millions who were not so lucky. Years after that, he became a journalist and eventually was convinced to finally write about his experiences with the Holocaust. The result became one of his most famously publicized works.The book, Night (English translation version), only represented the beginning of a flourishing career as a political activist and novelist. He came to the United States and continued writing about his life and political ideologies, and was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1986 for works that diligently argued for ending oppression, hatred, and racism. Such themes are the underlying basis of his message in his speech The Perils of Indifference.The horrors he faced as a boy forged the man that would go on to write all of these magnificent works; the neg lect and ignorance of those events that occurred during the Holocaust influenced and inspired him to warn people of the dangerous woes of indifference. Lecturing an audience for any extended period of time is never an ideal way to convey one’s message effectively. As an experienced and successful novelist, Wiesel was well aware that if he wanted to get people to really understand what he meant when he said â€Å"Indifference, after all, is more dangerous than anger or hatred. , he couldn’t just talk at his audience, he had to ask questions to engage them. However, questions don’t have to require answers, and in a speech as passionate and carefully articulated as this one, a Q & A every thirty seconds would drown out his point among all of the redundant tangents the conversation could take off in. Instead, Wiesel took the approach of using the figurative devices of asking rhetorical questions and setting up allusions to make his argument relatable, understandabl e, reliable, and most importantly: agreeable.The use of rhetorical questions in this speech differs from what many people use on a day to day basis -usually to promote sarcasm or imply one must be immensely dense to not understand a point. Here, Wiesel uses the device to get his audience to participate in his argument as well as hear it. By asking themselves the very questions he asks, audiences are apt to reach the very conclusions that Wiesel’s has. Two types of rhetorical questions used by Wiesel most often are either unanswerable or suggestive. For example, â€Å"How is one to explain their indifference? or â€Å"Why didn’t he [FDR] allow these refugees [Jews] to disembark [back to the Nazis]? † are unanswerable. Questions that don’t have an answer allow for people to make their own assumptions. If guidelines have been set prior to these questions, an audiences’ conclusions are likely to further support his argument. To this day, no one knows what influenced FDR to make certain decisions, but based on Wiesel’s persistent argument, it can be presumed that indifference played a major role in some of FDR’s decisions.Another type of rhetorical question that Wiesel used were â€Å"suggestive† questions. There were many instances were Wiesel would insert long chains of rhetorical questions one right after the other. Though risky or even overwhelming, these questions made the direction of his argument easier to control. On the first page when he asks about indifference, he enters this chain of rhetorical questions: â€Å"What are its courses and inescapable consequences? Is it a philosophy? Is a philosophy of indifference conceivable?Can one possibly view indifference as a virtue? Is it necessary at times to practice it simply to keep one’s sanity, live normally, enjoy a fine meal and a glass of wine, as the world around us experiences harrowing upheavals? †. The first rhetorical question is r esponded to with his next idea: Is it a philosophy? He assumes it is, then from there the idea of indifference is inferred as ubiquitous. The pattern of assuming each questions with a new question continues.Rhetorical questions that are suggestive enhance Wiesel’s position, and this injection forces the audience to come to Wiesel’s conclusion, while still feeling as though the conclusion is their own. Allusion is another literary device used to Wiesel’s advantage in this argument. Wiesel uses allusions to make his rhetorical questions as effective as possible. Initially, if Wiesel was to go on and on about indifference in general, the audience might be less engaged. However, Wiesel inserts multiple types of allusions to make his point relatable to the lives f his audience. For instance, when he talks about how â€Å"It is so much easier to look away from the victims† when referencing â€Å"behind the black gates of Auschwitz† and â€Å"the most tr agic of all prisoners†, since the Holocaust is a universally accepted tragedy, indifference is related to that event, and is therefore conceived as a trait with demonic properties. By establishing the allusion that reinforces how terrible the Holocaust was, the rhetorical question regarding why FDR did not take more action became much more influential.Additionally, Wiesel incorporated more vague references, such as a â€Å"political prisoner in his cell, the hungry children, the homeless refugees-†. Wiesel infers that ignoring such tragedies and remaining unresponsive is both evil and indifferent. Then by displaying indifference in many kinds of scenarios, going to this extent allows Wiesel to create effectiveness with his allusions. His goal is to have the audience establish their own connections and inferences, which he does through creating relative allusions, then asking relevant rhetorical questions.Of course there were other literary elements in this speech that m ade Wiesel’s argument all that more effective. His use of powerful diction -such as â€Å"betray†, â€Å"abandon†, â€Å"suffering† â€Å"anger†- all promotes the same intense and powerful tone, and he sporadicly uses anaphora to extend the passion in his message such as instances where he says â€Å"You fight it, You denounce it. You disarm it. † or â€Å"They no longer felt pain, hunger thirst. They feared nothing. They felt nothing. They were dead and did not know it. †. Lastly, Wiesel interjects himself into the speech in the beginning as he recounts himself as a small boy in the midst of a struggle.Then once more at the end, he retells that brief anecdote, and uses the idea of his childhood still accompanying him as a metaphor for how events that had transpired during his childhood: How the past he has carried with him to this day and is what has made him into the novelist the audience sees before them. Wiesel certainly makes it clear through his prominent uses of rhetorical questions and allusion that indifference creates a threat to the humanity everyone possesses somewhere within, and uses examples of his time in Auschwitz as an example of what damaging and painful effects indifference can inflict upon others.Even when he says, â€Å"Do we hear their pleas? Do we feel their pain, their agony? Every minute one of them dies of diseases, violence, famine. Some of them -so many of them- could be saved. † However, Wiesel doesn’t let the indifference that affected his childhood so heavily deny who he is, and what he cares about. That is why he is able to make many more speeches, construct many more arguments, and make many more advancements of movements, that can be just as effective as this speech. He does it so flawlessly with his ability to combine the fervency derived from his past and the skills he has obtained throughout his career as a great novelist.

How to Cite an Article in MLA Format Correctly

How to Cite an Article in MLA Format Correctly Citing an article MLA is obligatory if you want to submit the original academic paper. People, who tend to know how to cite an article MLA, may find it useful to check the meaning of MLA. This is special formatting and quotations style. Various modern writers, college students and famous experts who perform writing papers and organize mentioned sources use it. It concerns mostly works in humanitarian and liberal arts fields. MLA allows writing down every source of information with details, including correct title of published materials, date and year of print edition’s publishing, the name of the author, website address if dealing with online sources. Web publications contain a lot of important information. Citing online materials do not include page specification, it has strict guidelines standards ordinarily printed editions have. Citing MLA requires attention and time. Quotations Guidelines and Standards MLA guidelines standards include a number of requirements for proper references. With various types of resources like books, journals, newspapers, websites, movies, videos, numerous media posts tweets, a single citing structure is crucial for proper academic paper’s completing. Writers work with two main types of citations. Quotes are listed in alphabetic order by author’s name with additional information interesting for readers. Order MLA Paper The main two citations’ types are following: Regular quotes. Complete quotes. Complete quotations are placed at the end of written papers, conducted research projects, and remain final credentials. MLA style mostly contains regular quotations. The entire reference includes author’s name, printed or online material version, publisher’s name, date of publishing, address (URL or page range) where to find original files. Additional information may be added into regular reference. Another popular and broadly used kind of reference is a parenthetical citation that is included in the body part of research project. The text of parenthetical quote contains useful details for readers with the exact number of pages and additional information. Online materials require proper quoting style. It is easy to place reference, with no need to mark unimportant details like a city where information was published and other familiar facts. To submit good college or university paper or research project, every writer needs to provide the exact address of source mentioned for readers’ grander convenience. It allows gaining quick access to wanted records. Updated records are reachable. Advanced Guide for MLA Style Writing good academic works requires excellent formatting style, the uniqueness of writings and lack of mistakes mix-ups. Proper modern ways to cite article are obligatory. Talented writers use numerous up-to-day sources. Select related contemporary articles in journals, newspapers and book notes, published about a month ago. The Internet is full of familiar posts.   The informative virtual posts offer numerous useful examples of popular MLA, APA formats. Follow the next tips to cite accessed sources: Use numerous quotes for better illustration of the analyzed issue, fill the main text with own thoughts and ideas; Cited records and information must be quoted closely to the original source with same phrases, words; You can break up a quote with own writing and personal notes if needed; Proper references structuring needs to be established. Numerous online databases offer various records. Working with virtual sources, you face the need  to specify volumes, chapters, pages ora huge list of other minor details. Various online companies provide formatting services. It allows providing a perfect final paper, with numbers of background data used in a research project with an aim to assure proper bibliography list. Academic writing lacks of appropriate guidelines. All rules and standards are obligatory. It is possible to type requested format details into search machine hoping to find the best writing instructions with specifics and explanations. Authors put in-text quotations into proper order. Academic Writing and Proper Reference Style Students face numerous problems formatting own academic papers. Final works need to follow tutor’s recommendations; check every quote is mentioned according to public copyright law. Even a single word matters. Start proofreading a completed paper with requested configuration, which appears multitasking complicated process. It is convenient to type every quote accurately when writing paper or research project. An entire list of credentials requests additional checking. Get A+ Grade Paper The ordinary process of college or university article completing includes the following stages: Writing an article due to tutor’s recommendations. Numerous review, editing proofreading. Performing a list of used materials (printed and online) in alphabetic order, focusing on proper up-to-day citations’ organization. It is important to follow agreed standards guidelines. If assigned academic task requires ensuing certain formatting style, the author needs to perform an article, cite data, records, facts according to chosen quotation style. Scholarly articles are cited in Turabian and Chicago. Focusing on formatting style, students can forget that mentioned data, records, facts need to be checked few times, with all slashes and commas tested. Add important facts like the title of published company, web location of the online source, magazine’s title if requested. Make short notes. You will use them to assure an entire list of records is properly organized and every quote’s original source can be easily found.   Dealing with best tips guides on how to cite an article MLA, confirm to follow instructions rigorously. It is important for your paper final grade. Updated MLA Citation Style Guidelines MLA guidelines to cite articles were changing a lot during past decades. Students use up-to-day eighth edition. This new improved version allows organizing various sorts of materials (records, facts, figures, data) into a single approved citation structure. Modern MLA references format allows citing any sort of modern materials (print and online): books and edited books’ chapters; print and online scholarly journals; print and online newspapers; movies and television shows; YouTube videos; Tweets and images; print magazines print; essays and interviews; PDF files and textbooks. MLA citations format is perfect for information and data. Following agreed modern standards guidelines, it is easy to cite any article completing original and flawless academic paper.